________________________________________TEXAS These are great resources to use in the classroomI do an exercise with these documents whenever I teach secession to my studentsbut also for those who want to engage in the practice of history and better understand the causes of secession. The other . Then, this is the place where you can find sources which provide detailed information. Secession process in the US Civil War The first seven seceding states, all of the Deep South, were motivated mainly by two factors: the election in November 1860 of President Lincoln, who had no support among Southern voters, and the direct threat to slavery his election posed. Be it resolved by the people of Alabama in Convention assembled, That the people of the States of Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky and Missouri, be and are hereby invited to meet the people of the State of Alabama, by their Delegates, in The remaining slave-holding states had to decide whether they would side with the Union against the South or secede and join the new Confederacyfour states decided to leave. Guide to the "To the People of Alabama": anti-secession document signed by Robert Jemison Jr. and other members of Alabama's 1861 secession convention Status Completed Date June 2014 Description rules Describing Archives: A Content Standard Language of description English Script of description . Ratified 23 Feb 1861 by a vote of 46,153 for and 14,747 against. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE AND ORDINANCE dissolving the federal relations between the State of Tennessee and the United States of America. Alabama was the fourth state to secede from the Union on January 11, 1861. Immediately after Abraham Lincoln (18091861) was elected President, in November, 1860, several Southern states took steps to secede from the Union. be a Sovereign and Independent State. Articles of secession, adopted December 24, 1860. In Missouri and Kentucky, attempted secession was belated, severely disrupted, lacked sufficient popular support, and failed. While secession and the lead up to the Civil War were very complex, conflict over slavery was certainly central to the Souths decision to leave the Union. 4. AN ORDINANCE to dissolve the union between the State of Mississippi and other States united with her under the compact entitled "The Constitution of the United States of America." Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia,. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. Not a single secession declaration used these words. therefore: Be it declared and ordained by the people of the State of Thousands of pro-Union voters voted for a secession convention aiming that it should fail. The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. Governor Moores order of the past week to seize U.S. forts and military installations was retroactively endorsed. The issues of secession are complex and it is very true that not every soldier who went to war had slavery in mind as a motivation. Reconvened in March, the Georgia Secession Convention, now a constitutional convention, ratified the new Confederate Constitution and voted to submit the new Georgia constitution to the people by ballot in July. It was one of the original seven states to form the Confederacy on February 8, 1861. The People of Alabama. The force of events moved very quickly upon the election of Lincoln. Moderates were also placated by a motion to continue the ban on the African slave trade. We furthermore ordain and declare that all rights acquired and vested under the Constitution of the United States, or under any act of Congress passed in pursuance thereof, or under any laws of this State, and not incompatible with this ordinance, shall remain in force and have the same effect as if this ordinance had not been passed. powers over the Territory of said State, and over the people thereof, heretofore As in Missouri and Kentucky, thousands from Delaware and Maryland also fought for the Confederacy. Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. We do further declare and ordain, That the State of Louisiana hereby resumes all rights and powers heretofore delegated to the Government of the United States of America; that her citizens are absolved from all allegiance to said Government; and that she is in full possession and exercise of all those rights of sovereignty which appertain to a free and independent State. Four states went further. The secession of Southern States led to the establishment of the Confederacy and ultimately the Civil War. The Constitution is the foundational governing document of the State of Texas, second only to the U.S. Constitution. On January 11, 1861, a convention of elected delegates passed an ordinance withdrawing Alabama . Public opinion had shifted dramatically, most notably in Middle Tennessee. Other Southern states, including Arkansas, watched and waited. Beginning with South Carolina in December 1860, eleven Southern states and one territory[2] both ratified an ordinance of secession and effected de facto secession by some regular or purportedly lawful means, including by state legislative action, special convention, or popular referendum, as sustained by state public opinion and mobilized military force. The Declaration of Causes made by Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Justify the Secession of the State of Mississippi from the Federal Union. Dr. Kathleen Logothetis Thompson graduated with her Ph.D. from West Virginia University in 2017. When Confederate armies invaded Kentucky in 1862, bringing extra arms to equip new volunteers, briefly seizing the state capital, and installing an ephemeral state government, local recruitment proved weak and Union forces soon decisively defeated the invasion. In Alabama's secession document it states the they are receding partially because they wanted to uphold the laws that promote slavery, where as Lincoln did not. The next four seceding states, further north, also were motivated by the same two factors, but a third and decisive factor was the Federal policy of coercion, or using military force to preserve the Union by compelling the earlier seceding states to submit. The Ordinance of Secession, adopted on 1861 Jan. 11, is the document which declared "An Ordinance to dissolve the Union between the State of Alabama and other states united under the compact styled The Constitution of the United States of America.". Alabama Series J. Florida's Ordinance of Secession . The South went to war to preserve their societytheir economy, their social structure, their political powerall of which was built on a foundation of racial slavery. After the state of Alabama seceded from the Union in January of 1861, a small county within the state, known as Winston County, disagreed with the decision and tried to secede from the South. Diehards hoping to widen this pro-secession majority tried not to alienate the moderates; when William L. Yancey delivered a speech calling anyone opposing secession a traitor, secessionist leader Thomas H. Watts quickly followed up with a speech downplaying such talk. Adopted in convention at Baton Rouge this 26th day of January, 1861. If it was mistaken, then so am I, but it was my understanding that the early versions of the southern cross were already being introduced as the southern states began seceding. day of January, A.D. 1861. These acquisitions largely exceeded the original limits of the Republic. All but three signed. Passed 10 Jan 1861 And as it is the desire and purpose of Geographic exposure to conflict between larger neighboring states also deterred secession in Delaware and Maryland. The powers of the government of the State of Alabama shall be divided into three distinct departments; and each of them confided to a separate body of magistracy, to-wit: those which are legislative to one; those which are executive, to another; and those which are judicial to another. Traditionally, only four states are held to have issued "declarations of causes:" South Carolina, Mississippi, Georgia, and Texas.In addition, Alabama, Virginia, and Tennessee issued legislative resolutions touching on the issue of secession, and there is a "lost" declaration from Florida.However, buried within the journals of the Arkansas Secession Convention are the details of this . Despite these preliminary maneuvers, the convention that opened on the 7th included fewer diehard secessionists than in other Deep South state conventions. Wanted to withdraw from the Union immediately after Abraham Lincoln was elected. South Carolina Declaration of Secession, 1860 Abraham Lincoln won the 1860 contest on November 6 with just 40% of the popular vote and not a single southern vote in the Electoral College. Sec 2. 3. ________________________________________MISSOURI Name: Mackenzie Gregory Date: 04/11/23 School: PCHS Facilitator: Lydia Ellis 6.05 Secession Total Points: 40 Part 1: Secession and Despite Missouri and Kentucky remaining within the Union, thousands from both states embraced secession by choosing to fight for the Confederacy. Voters rejected the convention, and by extension, any secession. . Adopted 20 Nov 1861, by a "Convention of the People of Kentucky". The Civil War was not about slaveryhistorians hear this all the time, whether at historic sites, in the classroom, or in conversations with friends and strangers alike. View 06.05 history.docx from HISTORY 10 at Pike County High School. Alabamainfohub.com acknowledges that the information provided on this website is for information purposes only. Alabama became the fourth state, and the third in three days, to leave the Union. Whereas, the election of Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin to the offices of President and Vice President of the United States of America, by a sectional party, avowedly hostile to the domestic institutions and to the peace and security of the people of the State of Alabama, preceded by many and dangerous infractions of the Constitution of the United States by many of the States and people of the northern section, is a political wrong of so insulting and menacing a character as to justify the people of the State of Alabama in the adoption of prompt and decided measures for their future peace and security; therefore. AN ORDINANCE to dissolve the union between the State of North Carolina and the other States united with her, under the compact of government entitled "The Constitution of the United States." Originally published serially in newspapers. These widely held grievances in the South were long-term causes of secession, developing over the decades between the American Revolution and 1860. Adherents of the Union side in the Civil War regarded secession as illegal by any means and President Abraham Lincoln, drawing in part on the legacy of President Andrew Jackson, regarded it as his job to preserve the Union by force if necessary. ). Alabama was central to the Civil War, with the secession convention at Montgomery, birthplace of the Confederacy, inviting other states to form a Southern Republic, during January-March 1861, and develop constitutions to legally run their own affairs. Be it declared and ordained by the people of the State of Alabama, in Convention assembled, That the State of Alabama now withdraws, and is hereby withdrawn from the Union known as "the United States of America," and henceforth ceases to be one of said United States, and is, and of right ought to be a Sovereign and Independent State. . Stop the Largest Rezoning in Orange County History, Grant Remembers the Surrender and Victory at Vicksburg, "Rejoicing Over the Proclamation" Primary Source Questions, A Brief Overview of the American Civil War, The Gathering Storm: The Secession Crisis. We do further declare and ordain, That the union now subsisting between the State of North Carolina and the other States, under the title of the United States of America, is hereby dissolved, and that the State of North Carolina is in full possession and exercise of all those rights of sovereignty which belong and appertain to a free and independent State. Adopted and passed in open convention on the 6th day of May, A.D. 1861. White Georgians, along with other white southerners, disagreed over whether secession was a constitutional right (embodied in the national compact that grew out of . in history with a Certificate in Revolutionary Era Studies from Siena College in 2010. Through the 1850s, politicians desperately sought compromise to preserve the United States, but by the end of that decade enough conflict had piled up that each section of the country viewed each other as potential threats to safety, security, and society. Our FREE Virtual Teacher Institute is the can't miss online educator event of the summer. . Schultz, Fred L. (Patricia L. Faust ed.). These conflicts took many formseconomic, social, politicalbut almost always included discussion of slavery in some form. AN ORDINANCE to dissolve the union now existing between the State of Arkansas and the other States united with her under the compact entitled "The Constitution of the United States of America." . First. Date:1861. We, the people of the State of Florida, in convention assembled, do solemnly ordain, publish, and declare, That the State of Florida hereby withdraws herself from the confederacy of States existing under the name of the United States of America and from the existing Government of the said States; and that all political connection between her and the Government of said States ought to be, and the same is hereby, totally annulled, and said Union of States dissolved; and the State of Florida is hereby declared a sovereign and independent nation; and that all ordinances heretofore adopted, in so far as they create or recognize said Union, are rescinded; and all laws or parts of laws in force in this State, in so far as they recognize or assent to said Union, be, and they are hereby, repealed. Alabama Textual Materials Collection Ordinance of Secession, adopted by the Alabama constitutional convention of 1861. That all rights acquired and vested under the Constitution of the United States, or under any act of Congress passed, or treaty made, in pursuance thereof, or under any law of this State, and not incompatible with this ordinance, shall remain in force and have the same effect as if this ordinance had not been passed. SEC. Are you looking for Alabama Declaration Of Secession ? The hysteria quickly spread throughout the state, as 100 cannon were fired in Mobile and a Federal judge yelled out his courtroom window that the U.S. Court for the South District of Alabama was adjourned forever. One Alabaman, mocking President-elect Lincolns Eminence as a Rail Splitter, wrote to him asking if he could recommend wood to use in fencing in my South Carolina Georgia Alabama Mississippi Louisiana and Florida Lands., After approving secession, the convention delegates went one step further by passing a resolution inviting delegates from other southern states to come to Alabama: In order to frame a revisional as a permanent Government, the people of the States of Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky and Missouri, be and they are hereby invited to meet the people of the State of Alabama, by their delegates in convention, on the 4th day of February next in Montgomery.. South CarolinaMississippiFloridaAlabamaGeorgiaLouisianaTexasVirginiaArkansasNorth CarolinaTennesseeMissouriKentucky. On January 19, the Tennessee legislature in special session beginning January 7 required that approval of a possible secession convention be put to referendum on February 9. Texas' constitution is one of the largest state constitutions in the U.S. - only Alabama's and California's are longer. Done by the people of the State of Texas, in convention assembled, at Austin, this 1st day of February, A.D. 1861. WHEREAS, The recent developments in Federal affairs make it evident that the power of the Federal Government is sought to be made a weapon with which to strike down the interests and property of the people of Texas, and her sister slave-holding States, instead of permitting it to be, as was intended, our shield against outrage and aggression; THEREFORE,SECTION 1.-- We, the people of the State of Texas, by delegates in convention assembled, do declare and ordain that the ordinance adopted by our convention of delegates on the 4th day of July, A.D. 1845, and afterwards ratified by us, under which the Republic of Texas was admitted into the Union with other States, and became a party to the compact styled "The Constitution of the United States of America," be, and is hereby, repealed and annulled; that all the powers which, by the said compact, were delegated by Texas to the Federal Government are revoked and resumed; that Texas is of right absolved from all restraints and obligations incurred by said compact, and is a separate sovereign State, and that her citizens and people are absolved from all allegiance to the United States or the government thereof. Copyright 2023 The Dorothy Tapper Goldman Foundation. by a sectional party, avowedly hostile to the domestic institutions and to the In Tennessee as in Arkansas, during the secession crisis of 1861 the support for immediate secession was weak. Z. George, of Carroll; S. J. Gholson, of Monroe; E. H. Sanders, of Attala; J. L. Alcorn, of Coahoma; These delegates came mainly from cities where there were few slaves, or from northern Alabama where small farmers still adhered to Andrew Jacksons notion of an indivisible Union. Later this month, Alabama troops seized the lighthouse tender U.S.S. Secession itself occurred in two phases, sparked by specific events in 1860 and 1861. Four years of war ended the institution of slavery, altered the Virginia landscape, displaced families, and cost thousands their lives. Done by the people of the State of Alabama, in Convention assembled, at Montgomery, on this, the eleventh day of January, A. D. 1861. In Missouri, the state government called a convention whose members disfavored secession. And whereas, the majority of the Legislature of Kentucky have violated their most solemn pledges made before the election, and deceived and betrayed the people; have abandoned the position of neutrality assumed by themselves and the people, and invited into the State the organized armies of Lincoln; have abdicated the Government in favor of a military despotism which they have placed around themselves, but cannot control, and have abandoned the duty of shielding the citizen with their protection; have thrown upon our people and the State the horrors and ravages of war, instead of attempting to preserve the peace, and have voted men and money for the war waged by the North for the destruction of our constitutional rights; have violated the expressed words of the constitution by borrowing five millions of money for the support of the war without a vote of the people; have permitted the arrest and imprisonment of our citizens, and transferred the constitutional prerogatives of the Executive to a military commission of partisans; have seen the writ of habeus corpus suspended without an effort for its preservation, and permitted our people to be driven in exile from their homes; have subjected our property to confiscation and our persons to confinement in the penitentiary as felons, because we may choose to take part in a cause for civil liberty and constitutional government against a sectional majority waging war against the people and institutions of fifteen independent States of the old Federal Union, and have done all these things deliberately against the warnings and vetoes of the Governor and the solemn remonstrances of the minority in the Senate and House of Representatives: Therefore, Bitter, violent controversy remained even in states where a popular majority clearly favored secession. One, C. Christopher Sheats of Winston County, continued arguing against secession until he was dragged out of the hall by celebrating citizens and put in jail for the rest of the convention. It was one of the original seven states to form the Confederacy on February 8, 1861. The document is signed in type by Robert Jemison Jr. and thirty-two others. The new Republican Party was a purely Northern party with a platform that was anti-slavery. This ordinance shall be submitted to the people of Texas for their ratification or rejection, by the qualified voters, on the 23rd day of February, 1861, and unless rejected by a majority of the votes cast, shall take effect and be in force on and after the 2d day of March, A.D. 1861.PROVIDED, that in the Representative District of El Paso said election may be held on the 18th day of February, 1861. The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections, United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865. ill go w the Bonny Blue or the Rep of AL secession flag but not the southern cross, unless you know something i dont know. Sec. The secessionists were led primarily by Democrats, including Senator Clingman, Governor John W. Ellis (1820-1861), Congressman Thomas Ruffin (1820-1863), and former Congressman William S. Ashe (1814-1862). The Crittendon Compromise (1860) USA Census 1860. The "Secession Movement," political cartoon, ca. Alert at Mobile. Dr. Kathleen Logothetis Thompson graduated with her Ph.D. from West Virginia University in 2017. They did so in order to protect the institution of slavery. While historians agree that slavery was a fundamental cause of the war and southern secession, many in the public still contest this historical interpretation.

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