D. It can occur through endosymbiosis. -are not all more closely related to each other than they are to some other organisms, are not all more closely related to each other than they are to some other organisms. B. Halobacterium salinarum; A unicellular obligate aerobe that often inhabits hypersaline lakes. D. respond to other individual bacteria and transmit DNA via conjugation disease it causes is: A.diabetes B. malaria C. How do stramenopiles reproduce? C. prokaryotic cells that became internal symbionts within an early eukaryotic cell. Members of this subgroup range in size from single-celled diatoms to the massive and multicellular kelp. Most stramenopiles are single-celled, but some are multicellular algae including some large seaweeds, the brown algae. nonmotile protists. C. Increases in animal body sizes and appearance of shelled organisms. The unifying feature of this group is the presence of a textured, or hairy, flagellum. by small hooks. Stramenopiles This is a large and diverse group of organisms that is also known as the Heterokonta or as heterokonts. C. breaking down wastes, toxins, explosives, and petrochemicals Radiolaria(radiolarians):Radiolarians are a group of unicellular amoeboid heterotrophs that are planktonic. -into the atmosphere Metaboly is a reduced level of metabolism that allows protists to Stramenopiles have chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c1/c2, and fucoxanthin as photosynthetic pigments. D. moderate temperature Rhizaria, Phagotrophy (Phagocytosis) is: (Please note that some textbooks are slightly out of date, and still refer to the Stramenopiles and Alveolates as supergroup Chromalveolata)[1]. All have sporic life cycles with isomorphic or heteromorphic generations. The algae are quite variable in many of their features. Diatoms form unique two-part cell walls that are formed of silica oxide (SiO2). calcium carbonate crystals B. opalines and proteromonads live in the intestines of cold-blooded vertebrates and have been called parasites;[26] E. anthracite. Planktonic and benthic forams have a long fossil record, extending back to the Cambrian Period. Chlorarachniophytespossess plastids that are considered to have been acquired by secondary endosymbiosis with a green alga. B. red algae C. kelp D. cyanobacteria E. pathways unique to the pathogen. E. floods and formation of glaciers. Brown algae appear deep brown to brownish green due to the presence of the xanthophyll pigment fucoxanthin. fuse to produce thick-walled diploid zygotes capable of surviving E. Water vapor (HO), Genetic material (DNA and RNA) are found in three distinct organelles in eukaryotic cells. enhance their photosynthetic ability. A. mutualist In this relationship, Rhizobium is an example of a(n): A. cell division by meiosis These are sometimes referred to as tinsel-type flagella. Crytophyta Members of the supergroup Amoebozoa are characterized by: In return, the plant provides Rhizobium with food produced by photosynthesis. B. gametocyte B. attack fish which it then consumes. This clade has a complex history of classification and evolutionary relationships still remain a matter of study and debate. However, the stricter use of the term Plantae is one that which includes only the land plants and green algae. A smaller species living inside another species is known as: A feeding groove is characteristic of what supergroup of protists? E. It occurs commonly in bacteria. Trypanosoma brucei, the causative agent of sleeping sickness, is a: A. diversifies genotypes thereby allowing faster evolutionary secondary endosymbiosis B. eutrophic When a ciliate reproduces asexually by mitosis Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya are: C. autotrophs living around deep sea vents. The collar filters organic matter out of the water column. Frustules appear either radially or bilaterally symmetrical. Paramylon are stored particles of carbohydrate. C. an endosymbiotic relationship between two bacterium. D. Haploid cells form spores that in turn fuse to produce thick-walled zygotes capable of surviving stressful conditions. A. thylakoids A. cotranslational sorting. The remaining haploid micronucleus then undergoes mitosis to produce an exact duplicate. -They are parasitic heterotrophs. alveoli, The group of protists to which you are most closely related is: they are to some other kinds of organisms, Which of the following types of organisms are NOT considered to be Dinoflagellates: There are about 2,000 described species of dinoflagellates, which are unicellular organisms with two flagella of different morphology. C. alveoli C. A host cell ingests two or more symbionts simultaneously. C. the use of bacteria to attack cancer cells nisation is unique to . A. 2Mg(s)+O2(g)2MgO(s)2\text{Mg}(s) + \text{O}_2(g) \rightarrow 2\text{MgO}(s)2Mg(s)+O2(g)2MgO(s). Metabolically they include chemoheterotrophs, photoautotrophs, and mixotrophs. mitochondria E. none of the other choices provided. D. are all more closely related to bacteria than they are to other organisms Most of the groups listed below are currently recognized at the rank of class or order. D. Endospores cannot resist stressful conditions whereas akinetes can. C. conjugation C. moderate pH These flagellates swim in the direction the hair-bearing flagellum is pointing. cilia They are heterotrophic, but may contain unicellular algal endosymbionts (green algae, red algae, chrysophytes, diatoms, or dinoflagellates). D. panmixis mitosomes. C. They lack the lipopolysaccharides that Gram-negative bacteria have. "Stramenopiles: Chromophytes from a protistan perspective", "Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences", "A preliminary catalogue of the names of fungi above the rank of order", "The kingdom Chromista, origin and systematics", "Chromista revisited: A dilemma of overlapping putative kingdoms, and the attempted application of the botanical code of nomenclature", "The structure, origin, and composition of the tubular mastigonemes of the, "Proteomics Analysis of Heterogeneous Flagella in Brown Algae (Stramenopiles)", "A Phylogenomic Framework to Study the Diversity and Evolution of Stramenopiles (=Heterokonts)", "Update on the pathogenic potential and treatment options for Blastocystis sp", "Cafeteria T.Fenchel & D.J.Patterson 1988", "Phylogenomics reveals a new 'megagroup' including most photosynthetic eukaryotes", "Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms", "Protistes Eucaryotes: Origine, Evolution et Biologie des Microbes Eucaryotes", "The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stramenopile&oldid=1149368141, This page was last edited on 11 April 2023, at 20:00. B. botulism They possess pigments that reflect and transmit red light. Second, when Chromalveolata was originally proposed, it was united based on the hypothesis that the members of the group were descended from a single biflagellate organism that engulfed a red alga via secondary endosymbiosis. -It caused algae to produce cell walls. on soil, parasite to land plants). attaching to the substrate, B. filtering bacterial food from the water, The group of protists to which you are most closely related is: This group includes marine, freshwater, and terrestrial organisms that may be flagellated or amoeboid. Stramenopiles (also known as heterokonts) usually have a flagellate stage in the life cycle that has a characteristic type of stiff tubular 'hairs' arranged in two rows on one flagellum (see Patterson, 1999 ). pathogens from one host to another. Although bacteria are unicellular, as are most protists, they are very different organisms. Which statement most accurately describes the evolutionary relationships among the three domains? Rhizaria is a lineage that includes organisms that are (mostly) unicellular and amoeboid. Chlorophyta is a taxonomic group (a phylum) comprised of green algae that live in marine habitats. host cell ingests two or more symbionts simultaneously. Ciliates have two nuclei that differ in morphology. moves to the opposite cell while the macronucleus in each cell A. merozoites B. sporozoites C. saprophytes B. hairy flagella Most stramenopiles are single-celled, but some are multicellular algae including some large seaweeds, the brown algae. the gametocyte warming. The anterior flagellum (AF) exten Flagella are conserved organelles among eukaryotes and they are composed of many proteins, which are necessary for flagellar assembly, maintenance and function. Stramenopiles, which include brown algae, diatoms and oomycetes, possess two laterally inserted flagella. tough, or slimy B. toxins C. gamma radiation D. It increases genetic diversity for a species. E. Alveolata, Plants share a most recent common ancestor with what group of protists? Which situation would be most likely to form a fossil under normal environmental conditions? A. it allows scientists to cause mutations in the DNA thereby killing the pathogen Most oomycetes produce self-motile zoospores with two flagella. B. horizontal gene transfer -A host cell without plastids ingests a prokaryotic cell. D. methanogen D. the use of microorganisms to attack pathogenic bacteria C. heterotroph remain dormant under stressful environments. B. hard shells composed of calcium carbonate Kelp grows in underwater forests (kelp forests) in shallow oceans, and is thought to have appeared in the Miocene, 5 to 23 million years ago. D. They facilitate the spread of ciliates, Distinctive strawlike hairs occurring on the surface of flagella are characteristic of: It causes nervous disorders in humans. Both frustules are replaced by individuals that are formed sexually. Copeland also included the unrelated collar flagellates (as the choanoflagellates) in which he placed the bicosoecids. [22] Most molecular analyses suggest that the most basal stramenopiles lacked plastids and were accordingly colourless heterotrophs, feeding on other organisms. -to support the life of the decomposers osmotrophs, Heterotrophic protists that feed on nonliving organic material function as: D. autotrophic Flagella occur in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. A. Akinetes are whole cells filled with food, whereas endospores are bodies produced inside of cells. Haptophyta, The plastids of red algae originated via: Alveolata - Volvox aureus They may form a siliceous skeleton or outer calcareous covering called a test.Slender (filose) pseudopodia extend through pores in the test. protistan nutrition? E. myxomycetosis, The sexual phase of Plasmodium is called a(n) C. respond to light with the aid of flotation devices Phaeothamniophyceae Andersen & Bailey 1998 s.l. D. gametocytes E. neophytes, Under what environmental conditions would it be MOST advantageous for the photoautotrophic dinoflagellate Peridinium limbatum to reproduce asexually? C. Amoebozoa B. chloroplast, lysosomes, nucleus, endosymbiotic B. E. They attach to host cells by small hooks. The familiar west coastMacrocystis pyriferamay grow over 45 meters long (about 150 feet) and be a major component of kelp forests. They are widely used in the study of paleoclimatology and paleoceanography. Xanthophyceae (yellow-green algae) Allorge 1930 emend. [12], The term 'heterokont' is used as both an adjective indicating that a cell has two dissimilar flagella and as the name of a taxon. red algae (2012) is:[38], They are not called chloroplasts, the most common form of photosynthetic plastid. D. gametocytes E. neophytes, Sleeping sickness is transmitted by: A. mosquitoes B. State clearly the mole ratio used for the conversion. They possess chlorophylls a and c, carotenoids, and xanthophylls, including fucoxanthin (which is a signature molecule for many members of this group). A. protective coverings that are hard, B. There are about 4,000 described species. T or F, Some algae are more closely related to plants than they are to other algae. Radiolarians are major contributors to seafloor siliceous ooze. A. Animals and fungi are more closely related to each other than either E. peptidoglycan. They are generally unified by the possession of two unequal flagella, one with tripartite tubular hairs, and have been shown to form a monophyletic group in many molecular phylogenetic analyses. C. It provided evidence that the earliest life forms were autotrophic. C. They avoid disintegration in water with low concentrations of salt. Type III systems infect cells using pili as transfer tubes whereas Type IV systems bind to the cellular membrane by slimy mucilage and toxins diffuse across the membrane. There is an alternation of generations. Some apicomplexans are major human health threats, mostly notably the four species of genusPlasmodiumthat cause malaria, resulting in an estimated 300-900 million deaths per year. B. Akinetes are not capable of locomotion whereas endospores move freely. According to the most widely accepted hypothesis, the origin of the nuclear genome involved:

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